On the basis of homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction (HoLLE) with Zonyl FSA to plating water\ncontaining 1 mg palladium, 96.6% of the palladium was extracted into the sedimented liquid\nphase. After phase separation, the volume ratio (Va/Vs) of the aqueous phase (Va) and the sedimented\nliquid phase (Vs) was 556 (50 mL ââ? â?? 0.09 mL). The assessment of the potential implementation\nof this procedure to wastewater treatment showed that HoLLE was satisfactorily achieved\nwhen the volume was scaled up to 1000 mL. Moreover, HoLLE was conducted to real palladium\nplating wastewater generated in the plating industry. 94.5% of the palladium was extracted into\nthe sedimented liquid phase. After phase separation, the volume ratio (Va/Vs) of the aqueous phase\n(Va) and the sedimented liquid phase (Vs) was 500 (50 mL ââ? â?? 0.1 mL). In addition, HoLLE could\nseparate palladium from coexisting metals in real plating wastewater. This knowledge is expected\nto lead to the development of new separation and concentration technologies of rare metals from\nreal plating wastewater.
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